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To open the left atrium, turn to the posterior surface of the heart and make an inverted U-shaped incision through the posterior wall of the left atrium [cross-section] [cross-section ] (Figure 20.8). Between the openings of the pulmonary veins, reflect the flap and remove any clotted blood. Identify the openings of the four pulmonary veins,
Links and References:
Grant's: 1.64
Netter: 208
Rohen/Yokochi: 243
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