19. Venogram — leg in internal rotation

Lower extremity venography used to be employed frequently to aid in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Its role in this workup has generally been supplanted by ultrasound imaging (including Doppler technique), a noninvasive method of vascular imaging requiring no added contrast.

Most of the venous drainage of the lower limb is via deep veins which accompany the correspondingly-named arteries, and which drain venous plexuses related to the muscles of the calf and thigh. (See Images #20 and #21 for the more proximal parts of this study).